Awaiting Indictments: Three Birmingham area white men charged with murdering a Detroit housewife in a Civil Rights slaying pose with their attorney, Matt Murphy (in glasses), while awaiting arrival of the indictments from Lowndes County today. Standing, from left, are Collie Leroy Wilkins Jr. and William O. Eaton. At Murphy's left is Eugene Thomas, Birmingham, Alabama.

Viola Fauver Gregg Liuzzo (1925-1965) was a Unitarian Universalist Civil Rights activist from Michigan. In March 1965, Liuzzo--then a housewife and mother of five with a history of local activism--heeded the call of Martin Luther King, Jr. and traveled from Detroit, Michigan, to Selma, Alabama in the wake of the Bloody Sunday attempt at marching across the Edmund Pettus Bridge. Liuzzo participated in the successful Selma to Montgomery marches and helped with coordination and logistics. Driving back from shuttling fellow activists to the Montgomery airport, she was murdered by members of the Ku Klux Klan. Liuzzo was 39 years old. Her funeral was held at Immaculate Heart of Mary Catholic Church in Detroit on March 30, with many prominent members of both the Civil Rights Movement and government there to pay their respects. Included in this group were Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.; NAACP Executive Director Roy Wilkins; Congress on Racial Equality national leader James Farmer; Michigan Lieutenant Governor William G. Milliken; Teamsters President Jimmy Hoffa; and United Auto Workers President Walter Reuther. Liuzzo was buried at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Southfield, Michigan. Less than two weeks after her death, a charred cross was found in front of four Detroit homes, including the Liuzzo residence.

Collie Leroy Wilkins, Jr. was the last survivor of three Klansmen accused in the 1965 shooting death of Viola Liuzzo, a white Detroit housewife and mother who went to the South and volunteered to help register blacks to vote. Liuzzo was shot from a passing car on a highway as she drove a black marcher home after the Selma-to-Montgomery voting rights march. An FBI informant claimed that Wilkins was the triggerman. An all-white state jury acquitted Wilkins of murder. Later that year, Wilkins was convicted in federal court along with William Orville Eaton and Eugene Thomas of violating Liuzzo's Civil Rights. Wilkins served about seven years of a 10-year sentence.

On verso: date stamps, newspaper stamp and newspaper caption with date stamp affixed.

Wire photographs were originally transmitted over phonelines, then later, by satellite. They were first used in the early 1920s. Associated Press became a leader with this. After pigment touch-ups, etc., the print is put into a drum (like a drum scanner). The image gets converted into audio tones that are transmitted. The tones are received and beamed onto photo-sensitive paper. Wire photographs are copies without originals---they are hybrid, transmitted objects. (Britt Salvesen, Curator and Department Head, Photography Department, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, March 30-31, 2022)

This object has the following keywords:

• Birmingham
• Civil Rights Movements
• Collie Leroy Wilkins, Jr.
• Death
• Eugene Thomas
• Hate
• Hate crimes
• Indictments
• Injustice
• Ku Klux Klan
• Male Portraits
• Matt Murphy
• Murder
• Racial Discrimination
• Selma to Montgomery March
• Viola Fauver Gregg Liuzzo
• Voting Rights
• William Eaton

• Image Dimensions: 9 x 6 3/8 in. (22.86 x 16.19 cm) Measured by Hudson, Karen
• Sheet Dimensions: 10 x 8 1/16 in. (25.4 x 20.48 cm) Measured by Hudson, Karen